centrifugal pumpIt is a common fluid machine whose working principle is based on centrifugal force.

The following iscentrifugal pumpDetailed data and explanation of how it works:

1.basic structure

1.1 Pump body

• Material: Cast iron, stainless steel, bronze, etc.
• design: Usually in the shape of a volute, used to collect and guide the flow of liquid.

1.2 Impeller

• Material: Cast iron, stainless steel, bronze, etc.
• design: Impeller iscentrifugal pumpThe core components are usually divided into three types: closed, semi-open and open.
• Number of leaves: Typically 5-12 tablets, depending on pump design and application.

1.3 axis

• Material: High strength steel or stainless steel.
• Function: Connect the motor and impeller to transmit power.

1.4 Sealing device

• type: Mechanical seal or packing seal.
• Function: Prevent liquid leakage.

1.5 Bearings

• type: Rolling bearing or sliding bearing.
• Function: Supports the shaft and reduces friction.

2.Working principle

2.1 Liquid enters the pump body

• Water inlet method: Liquid enters the pump body through the inlet pipe, usually through the suction pipe and suction valve.
• Water inlet diameter: Determined based on pump specifications and design requirements.

2.2 Impeller accelerates liquid

• Impeller speed: Typically at 1450 RPM or 2900 RPM (revolutions per minute), depending on pump design and application.
• centrifugal force: The impeller rotates at high speed driven by the motor, and the liquid is accelerated by the centrifugal force.

2.3 Liquid flows to the outside of the pump body

• Runner design: The accelerated liquid flows outward along the flow channel of the impeller and enters the volute part of the pump body.
• Volute design: The design of the volute helps convert the kinetic energy of the liquid into pressure energy.

2.4 Liquid discharged from pump body

• Water outlet method: The liquid is further decelerated in the volute and converted into pressure energy, and is discharged from the pump body through the water outlet pipe.
• Outlet diameter: Determined based on pump specifications and design requirements.

3.energy conversion process

3.1 Kinetic energy conversion

• Impeller acceleration: The liquid gains kinetic energy under the action of the impeller, and its speed increases.
• Kinetic energy formula：( E_k = \frac{1}{2} mv^2 )
  • (E_k): kinetic energy
  • (m): Liquid mass
  • (v): liquid velocity

3.2 Pressure energy conversion

• Volute deceleration: The liquid decelerates in the volute, and the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy.
• Bernoulli equation( P + \frac{1}{2} \rho v^2 + \rho gh = \text{constant} )
  • (P): Pressure
  • ( \rho ): liquid density
  • (v): liquid velocity
  • (g): gravitational acceleration
  • (h): height

4.Performance parameters

4.1 Flow (Q)

• definition:centrifugal pumpThe amount of liquid delivered per unit time.
• unit: Cubic meters per hour (m³/h) or liters per second (L/s).
• scope: Typically 10-5000 m³/h, depending on pump model and application.

4.2 Lift (H)

• definition:centrifugal pumpAble to raise the height of liquid.
• unit: Meter (m).
• scope: Typically 10-150 meters, depending on pump model and application.

4.3 Power (P)

• definition:centrifugal pumpMotor power.
• unit: kilowatt (kW).
• Calculation formula：( P = \frac{Q \times H}{102 \times \eta} )
  • (Q): flow rate (m³/h)
  • (H): Lift (m)
  • ( \eta ): efficiency of the pump (usually 0.6-0.8)

4.4 Efficiency (η)

• definition: The energy conversion efficiency of the pump.
• unit:percentage(%).
• scope: Typically 60%-85%, depending on pump design and application.

5.Application occasions

5.1 Municipal water supply

• use: Used for the main pumping station in urban water supply systems.
• flow: Usually 500-3000 m³/h.
• Lift: Usually 30-100 meters.

5.2 Industrial water supply

• use: Used in cooling water circulation systems in industrial production.
• flow: Usually 200-2000 m³/h.
• Lift: Usually 20-80 meters.

5.3 Agricultural irrigation

• use: Irrigation systems for large areas of farmland.
• flow: Usually 100-1500 m³/h.
• Lift: Usually 10-50 meters.

5.4 Building water supply

• use: Used in water supply systems of high-rise buildings.
• flow: Usually 50-1000 m³/h.
• Lift: Usually 20-70 meters.

Get a better understanding with these detailed data and explanationscentrifugal pumpIts working principle and its performance and selection basis in different applications.